Motor (commonly known as "motor") refers to an electromagnetic device that realizes the conversion or transfer of electrical energy according to the law of electromagnetic induction. It is represented by the letter M in the circuit. Its main function is to generate driving torque as a power source for electrical appliances or various machinery. The generator is represented by the letter G in the circuit. Its main function is to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.

The motor mainly consists of an electromagnet winding or distributed stator winding for generating a magnetic field, a rotating armature or rotor and other accessories. Under the action of the rotating magnetic field of the stator winding, the current passes through the armature squirrel cage aluminum frame and is rotated by the magnetic field.

 
Stator (stationary part)

Stator Core: The part of the magnetic circuit of the motor on which the stator windings are placed;

Stator winding: It is the circuit part of the motor, which is connected to three-phase alternating current to generate a rotating magnetic field;

Machine base: fix the stator core and the front and rear covers to support the rotor, and play the role of protection and heat dissipation;

Rotor (rotating part)

Rotor core: as part of the magnetic circuit of the motor and placing rotor windings in the core slots;

Rotor winding: cutting the stator rotating magnetic field to generate induced electromotive force and current, and form electromagnetic torque to make the motor rotate;

DC motor

A DC motor is a rotating electrical machine that converts DC electrical energy into mechanical energy (DC motor) or converts mechanical energy into DC electrical energy (DC generator). It is a motor that can realize the mutual conversion of DC electrical energy and mechanical energy. When it operates as a motor, it is a DC motor, which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy; when it operates as a generator, it is a DC generator, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

stepper motor

Stepper motor is an open-loop control element stepper motor that converts electrical pulse signals into angular displacement or linear displacement. In the case of non-overload, the speed and stop position of the motor only depend on the frequency and number of pulses of the pulse signal, and are not affected by the load change. When the stepper driver receives a pulse signal, it drives the stepper motor to press The set direction is rotated by a fixed angle. The angular displacement can be controlled by controlling the number of pulses, so as to achieve the purpose of accurate positioning; at the same time, the speed and acceleration of the motor rotation can be controlled by controlling the pulse frequency, so as to achieve the purpose of speed regulation.

Working principle of stepper motor

When current flows through the stator windings, the stator windings generate a vector magnetic field. The magnetic field will drive the rotor to rotate by an angle, so that the direction of a pair of magnetic fields of the rotor is consistent with the direction of the magnetic field of the stator. When the vector magnetic field of the stator rotates by an angle. The rotor also rotates an angle with this magnetic field. Each time an electrical pulse is input, the motor rotates an angle and moves forward one step. The angular displacement it outputs is proportional to the number of input pulses, and the rotational speed is proportional to the pulse frequency. Change the order in which the windings are energized and the motor will reverse. Therefore, the rotation of the stepper motor can be controlled by controlling the number of pulses, the frequency and the power-on sequence of each phase winding of the motor.

One-way asynchronous motor

Asynchronous motor, also known as induction motor, is an AC motor that generates electromagnetic torque by the interaction of the air-gap rotating magnetic field and the rotor winding induced current, thereby realizing the conversion of electromechanical energy into mechanical energy.

The working principle of single-phase asynchronous motor

In the AC motor, when the stator winding passes the AC current, the armature magnetomotive force is established, which has a great influence on the energy conversion and running performance of the motor. Therefore, the single-phase AC winding is connected to the single-phase AC to generate a pulsed magnetomotive force. The magnetomotive force can be decomposed into two rotating magnetomotive force sums with equal amplitude and opposite rotation speeds, thereby establishing forward transmission and reverse rotation in the air gap. magnetic field and. These two rotating magnetic fields cut the rotor conductors and generate induced electromotive force and induced current in the rotor conductors, respectively.

This current interacts with the magnetic field to generate positive and negative electromagnetic torques. Forward electromagnetic torque attempts to make the rotor rotate forward; reverse electromagnetic torque attempts to reverse the rotor. The superposition of these two torques is the resultant rotation that drives the motor to rotate.

Permanent magnet motor

A permanent magnet motor is an electric motor that uses permanent magnets to provide a magnetic field. For the motor to do work, two conditions are required, one is the existence of a magnetic field, and the other is the existence of a moving current in the magnetic field.